Ion hole equilibrium and dynamics in one dimension

Electrostatic solitary waves with negative potential (ion holes) are analyzed theoretically using a generalization of the treatment recently developed for slow electron holes. It is shown that an often-cited criterion their existence mistaken and they can in fact exist wide range ion to temperature ratios. Shifts hole velocity $v_h$ relative distributions systematically decrease permitted depths, which become extremely small by $v_h/v_{ti}\sim 2$. Ion holes usually unstably accelerated reflection forces calculated numerically analytically resulting asymmetric structure. The timescale this acceleration proportional plasma period, generally longer than bounce time well. Thus, behave like approximately rigid entities even when unstable survive much typical transit satellite, so as be observable.